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<title>General copper ionic minerals dietary supplement research. nutritional 
supplement research.</title>
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                <h3 class="fonts"><u>Research on the Mineral Copper</u></h3>
                <p align="left" class="mainfont">The following research abstracts 
                  are presented to reflect the findings of possible benefits from 
                  minerals as a dietary supplement and nutritional supplement. 
                  You will find more on the <a href="../../minerals/copper.html">ionic 
                  copper</a> page.</p>
                <h5 align="left" class="fonts">GENERAL COPPER RESEARCH</h5>
                <h5 align="left" class="fonts"><em> 
                  <!--++++++++ link1 ++++++++-->
                  <a name="art1"> Effects of copper deficiency on the cardiovascular 
                  system of the rat.</a></em></h5>
                <p align="left" class="mainfont">Petering, H. G., Murphy, L., 
                  Stemmer, K. L., Finelli, V. N., &amp; Menden, E. E. (1986) <u>Biological 
                  Trace Element Research</u>, 9, 251+.</p>
                <p align="left" class="mainfont">Weanling male rats were fed a 
                  <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> deficient diet devoid of 
                  cholesterol. The effects of varying source of carbohydrate and 
                  supplements of <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> and zinc 
                  on cardiovascular pathology and some biochemical and physiological 
                  parameters were investigated. It was found that cardiomyopathy 
                  developed in <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> deficient groups. 
                  Sucrose, in contrast to starch or starch:lactose (1:1), caused 
                  significant exacerbation of this situation. Increasing dietary 
                  Cu to 8 ppm prevented or minimized the development of cardiomyopathy. 
                  Angiopathy occurred only when dietary <a href="../zinc/">zinc</a> 
                  was at the lower level (20 ppm). Dietary <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> 
                  supplements to 8.0 ppm did not alter this situation, but 120 
                  ppm Zn in the drinking water did reduce the angiopathy almost 
                  to the control level, except in the groups in which sucrose 
                  was fed. Serum cholesterol was only elevated significantly over 
                  the control value when dietary <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> 
                  was deficient and sucrose was the carbohydrate source. The data 
                  point to independent action of dietary <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> 
                  or zinc on the myocardium or vessels, respectively, with sucrose 
                  interacting to make <font color="#0088AA">copper</font> and 
                  <a href="../zinc/">zinc</a> supplements less active than when 
                  starch or starch/lactose was fed. <br>
                  Cardiomyopathy/ angiopathy/ essential metals/ dietary carbohydrate/ 
                  lipid metabolism/ copper deficiency/ cardiovascular.</p>
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